A2.CS: Literature review update

Some housekeeping on my blog, as I prepare for assessment.

When I first wrote my literature review, I was uncomfortable with setting out a defined set of research resources as I knew that the breadth of research I was exploring would most likely take me in new or different directions. The literature review concept felt like it belong to another time, when resources would be limited to what once could access through a library rather than the vast breadth of material now available online. However, as I researched ‘research’ and benefitted from the Zoom discussions hosted by Dr Ariadne, I came to understand the literature review as something that would most likely evolve with one’s research. Something I did not glean from the OCA course materials and threw me off the scent of its purpose. The literature review became something meaningful to me – a way of sharing more information about important research resources used in building the dissertation; a discussion that sits between the references appended to the dissertation and the body of the dissertation itself. I some academic papers, I’ve noted that it is placed in the text as part of the introductory materials.

I completed the final update of my literature review in November after completing my dissertation. It is this update that I will submit as part of the assessment process.

CS.A5 Rework

A few months have past since I submitted A5, at the beginning of June. I made a note of the feedback here and have followed the suggestion of letting the work breathe before making the final push. In the meantime, I have completed by BoW and am also about to submit A5 for that.

Over the past couple of weeks, I have worked again on the dissertation. It has changed significantly, although no additional research has been incorporated. I note here the main areas of change:

  • Completing my BoW and working with the idea that the dissertation should in some way help me to better explain / articulate that work (though not describe it) has been a help in restructuring the argument and flow of the dissertation. It was previously focused on an argument around ‘meaning’. However, it is now focused on an argument for the representation of the canal as a post-industrial landscape that is not merely pastoral, as seen in many contemporary images but a representation that both reflects social spatialisation and the continuing effects of deindustrialisation. This both places the canal at the centre of the argument and allows me to explain why I have chosen to include the images I have in my body of work. It has completely changed the flow of the work.
  • In the update, I have removed any of the antagonism towards the Canal & River Trust (CRT) that had creeped in as I researched their treatment of those on the margins of society, hoping to make do on the canal, with a boat as a main residence. The issues are still stated but in a way that also comments on the CRT’s perspective – this way they are presented as another layer to the canal’s story, rather than an attack on CRT.
  • The bulk of my time working on this iteration has been fine-tuning the wording. Adjusting or removing any phrases that jarred against the flow of the argument or the ear. Trying out different words. Removing unnecessary repetition, and so on. This was an iterative process, until I reached the point that nothing seemed out of place – at least to me.
  • I have concluded the dissertation with the same words I have used in my BoW short film. I see these acting as a portal between the written and the visual. It is also pleasing to see how my academic research is reflected in the prose of these words.

I’ve been remined that this kind of writing is hard work. It is no different to writing and learning to play a long musical piece for an audience. It requires practice and many revisits. There is perhaps something deceptive about writing – because writing in general is common place, what it takes to make very good writing is underestimated.

CS.A5 | Tutor Feedback

My tutor’s feedback on A5 has been sitting in my inbox, while I’ve been focusing on my BoW. Here I summarise the aspects of the feedback help with further refinement before I submit the work for assessment.

Overall a good draft with lots of ‘really engaging stuff’ with the potential to be improved by further editing. Key points are:

  • Further attention to flow of the work and cutting out some passages that may not be essential. ‘Don’t be sentimental’. At the same time ensure that which remains is fully unpacked. I’ve been conscious of the word count limit throughout and weeding out some areas would allow the remainder to grow.
  • Introduction needs to be more engaging and give the feeling to the reader they are in safe hands. This is partly related to the current structure and argument around meaning. I’ve since been considering the notion of heterotopia, which would centre work around the canal and allow the work on meaning to become part of the analysis, rather than introduce the work.
  • Need add more nuance to the depiction of the Canal & River Trust and check substance in areas that are retained in the final work.
  • Watch out for areas that are being lead by assumptions and either reframe them / look for evidence to support if they are important to the argument, or leave them out if not.
  • Make sure each section is meticulously argued and evidenced.

When I spoke with my tutor, he recommended to leave submitting for assessment for as long as possible – let the work breathe and keep refining it as more things come to mind, including through the BoW. For me, this would mean submitting in January 2021. This makes sense to me and I’m in no rush to finish, so will wait until then.

I’ll have a last catch up with my tutor prior to the final push towards assessment.

CS A5 | Self-reflection

A5 is a significant refinement of A4 – I don’t like to think about hours work input to this, but with Covid-19 lockdown at least time has been more on my side than normal. I had planned to get out shooting for BoW put after some deliberation decided to wait out lockdown until I can return to the canal, rather than reimagine the BoW. I think that is now going to be okay.

I’ve submitted A5 for tutor feedback and have a meeting scheduled for next week to discuss. I’m slightly over word count plus 10%, but will address that after discussion. I’m pleased with A5 (and hope I still am next week!). The organisation and flow has been reworked and the theme tightened. I read it with a sense of being more or less done, in contrast to A4 which I felt was a good start but needed more work.

I need to update my literature review to reflect the final direction of the dissertation and the works I ended up placing more emphasis on. I think some of the original review contents perhaps didn’t make it into the final draft of the dissertation – a sign of how far the work as evolved. I’ll do this after next week’s feedback, so it is all still relatively fresh.

The self-reflection is below – a bit odd since it become reflection upon reflection upon draft upon draft. To help me understand the progress, I’ve just updated A4 comments with red text.

Demonstration of subject based knowledge and understanding – Broad and comparative understanding of subject content; knowledge of the appropriate historical, intellectual, cultural or institutional contexts (25%).

Additional research was carried out around the narratives of crime, death and regeneration, which sat outside the narratives covered in A4 – odd befellows in a liminal space! I also tracked down a reasonable priced copy of Rob Shield’s Places on the Margin and read that. It provided not fresh put additional impetus to existing content. What I found more personally rewarding was additional research on de-industrialisation and its impact. This generated interesting parallels with navvies and counterpoints with industrial heritage.

My research folder contains over 200 references to various books and other media that have all been considered in the dissertation. While academic materials in relation to cultural geography were readily available, canal specific materials were challenging to find – other than engineering based ones. However, with some determination, I did track down a PhD dissertation based around living on a boat as a main dwelling; research into social / health concerns of travelling communities (including boatees); and a book of essays concerned with ‘thinking with water’. I’ve also drawn in broader cultural references to illustrate the difficulties in locating meaning.

Demonstration of research skills – Information retrieval and organisation; use of IT to assist research; ability to evaluate IT sources; the ability to design and carry out a research project, locate and evaluate evidence from a wide range of primary and secondary sources (visual, oral, aural or textual) (25%).

Not much more to add here – I’ve become very comfortable with research tools and using them to help my assimilation and analysis. This is a long way from when I first started, when I felt slightly overwhelmed by the huge amounts of disparate information on a wide range of subjects. The pain of photography being about everything! I’m also grateful for the automation this allows when creating citations and a bibliography in Word!

I continued using Zotero to organise and retrieve information. However, I took some time to restructure my folders to fit the various framed narratives in my work; eg canal, visual culture, industrial heritage (originally around essay chapters, which enforced a linearity to thinking and blocked creativity). I also, increased the level of tagging of material to aid retrieval and came up with the idea of ‘meta-tagging’ to flag items that might be included as quotes for example. Zotero has also acted as a store for my reading notes.

Because it is such a large element of my academic activity, I’ve reintroduced a separate page about my research folder to this blog.

Demonstration of critical and evaluation skills – Engagement with concepts, values and debates; evidence of analysis, reflection, critical thinking, synthesis, interpretation in relation to relevant issues and enquiries (25%). 

The focus has been tightened and refined significantly in A5. It has evolved to link the culture in visual to the culture in geography and reflect upon the source of polysemy in images. I think doing the additional research and then letting things sit for a while helped me. I came back with fresh eyes and energy. One acid test is that my wife said she found it very interesting (being from Lancashire, being blunt rather than nice is her default mode). The second acid test comes from the Evertonian next week.

The dissertation is critiques hegemonic perspectives on space and how power is used to shape meanings. It evaluates representation and the filters at work when meaning is attached to place. I believe it brings in relevant cultural and sociological materials concerning the specific us of a canal as space, but these also have a wider application.

Communication – The ability to communicate ideas and knowledge in written and spoken form, including presentation skills (25%).

I think that the formal presentation will remain in writing. However, it is interesting to begin to think how snapshots of it might be brought into spoken communication, alongside the photography perhaps.

Assignment is in draft written form. I have yet considered how this might be formally presented – something to start thinking during A5 work.

Dissertation – and next, preparing for A5

Having received positive feedback for A4 (the dissertation 1st draft), I’ve continued reflecting on the next steps in my process, what I found challenging and what I might do differently for the next draft.

While I’m used to reporting writing and editing in a business context, the experience beyond the basic skills of written language, seems of limited use when it comes to an academic dissertation. The dissertation is a creative, messy, open process that requires synthesis of different ideas and the expression on my own voice, while substantiating what I say with references, without drowning out what I have to say.

Here’s my 10 step route map:

  1. Collect additional reference material (areas suggested worth further research in my tutorial)
  2. Update PPS&Q (problem purpose statements & research questions) – a useful technique I came across online (https://cecilebadenhorst.wordpress.com/carnegie-african-diaspora-workshops/problempurpose-statements-ppsqs/) – I’ll make a fresh mindmap based on my first draft for this.
  3. Refresh outline of essay (mind map)
  4. Work through next edit of dissertation in one sitting and avoid editing at this stage – I realise that I wasted time editing draft 1 as I went along, which interrupted my flow and also gave time to areas ultimately dropped.
  5. Leave rework of introduction until after main body – most difficult part and since it needs to sign-post direction of work, makes more sense leaving it.
  6. Let sit for a while
  7. Hard critical edit
  8. Write conclusions
  9. Hard critical edit 2
  10. Proof reading and submission (in advance of 9th June tutorial)

A4 | Tutor Feedback

Here I note a few thoughts and actions from my tutorial this morning (1st draft of dissertation). There was positive feedback on the work as a draft and some useful development ideas to work on for the final draft (tutorial scheduled for early June). My tutor’s written feedback will come in due course, but this post is to flag general points to keep in mind as the work further progresses.

  • Make a start on next draft immediately – use momentum. Then let it sit for a while before revisiting and sending for feedback.
  • Work needed on structuring now that the bulk of the ideas are down. Sections need to be more clearly demarked as chapters and direction more clearly mapped out. In the introduction, be mindful of the technical aspects re mapping out the dissertation etc.
  • Think about a chapter (background) that discusses the canal as a contested space/conflicted representation self-contained and in advance of theoretical content. Consider broader representations of the canal (eg Canal Street / Amsterdam redlight). Hold back on the theory relating to ‘meaning’ until scene thoroughly set.
  • Think about what is essential to the work – for example, the idea that the space has transitioned from one thing to another and remains unsettled. Then decide which aspects might be downsized after letting it sit for a while. Beware of window dressing / forcing in quotations.
  • In some parts there is a loss of own voice that gets lost in enthusiasm to quote sources. Example given, was reference to Berger / Barthes – while relevant, are these generally over used? Consider cutting back weight given to them, while still pointing to awareness of their work. Don’t feel pressure to ‘name-drop’.
  • Some areas need more expansive thinking – clarify what is meant and avoid leaving reader wondering. Consider whether more material is needed on deindustrialisation. Unpick the CaRT images further
  • Consider the idea of ‘conspicuous leisure’ versus ‘enforced leisure’.

Finally – as I work up the next draft, print regularly (in whole or part) and mark up with areas to work on / move around / delete.

A4 | Self-reflection

‘no man sees what things are, that knows what they ought to be’ (Gombrich, 1996:10) is the quote I used to entitle assignment 1 – a short diagnostic essay, but a theme that has carried through to the current draft dissertation of 5,000 words. Part-time studying over a long duration, means there is the challenge of remembering the ground previously covered, in this module or earlier ones. I’ve noted here a short chronology:

  • A1 – diagnostic essay, but concerned with my misreading of the canal and semiotics. Gombrich’s aphorism is echoed in A4, superseded by Berger’s ‘the relation between what we see and what we know is never settled. The framing narrative for the dissertation evolved into the attachment of meanings to place and how even banal locations ‘conspire to avoid simple definition and understanding’. I highlighted important advice from my tutor’s A1 feedback – ‘... at this point you should focus on unpacking and making sense of canals as distinct physical spaces that provide sites for an array of cultural practices.‘ I believe my dissertation has achieved this.
  • A2 – this was a literature review. I struggled a little with the linearity of the process set out in the course from this point. My research folder (Zotero) was bulging with ideas, but I hadn’t shaped them in to dissertation but only a loose set of ideas to explore creatively once I began writing. Yet, I was asked to write about the main literature used in the essay, before writing the essay. I later found that good practice for literature reviews is to treat them as a work in progress that would evolve with the essay itself. This how I’m treating it, with ongoing rework – this way I can make sense of the process.
  • A3 – essay plan. The concept of the required written essay plan didn’t fit with my way of working. My approach was to mindmap some ideas and directions and then work through creatively while writing the dissertation. I did refer to the ideas in my written plan, but its flow carried little resemblance to the dissertation I ended up writing. My intention is to rework this assignment as a mindmap of the structure, ideas and key references of the dissertation. I think this will help me internalise what I have written and may also help shape A5.

And to A4 itself. I’ve not appended the work itself to avoid any complications in relation to plagiarism/self-plagiarism that I mentioned in a previous post.

Demonstration of subject based knowledge and understanding – Broad and comparative understanding of subject content; knowledge of the appropriate historical, intellectual, cultural or institutional contexts (25%).

My research folder contains over 200 references to various books and other media that have all been considered in the dissertation. While academic materials in relation to cultural geography were readily available, canal specific materials were challenging to find – other than engineering based ones. However, with some determination, I did track down a PhD dissertation based around living on a boat as a main dwelling; research into social / health concerns of travelling communities (including boatees); and a book of essays concerned with ‘thinking with water’. I’ve also drawn in broader cultural references to illustrate the difficulties in locating meaning.

Demonstration of research skills – Information retrieval and organisation; use of IT to assist research; ability to evaluate IT sources; the ability to design and carry out a research project, locate and evaluate evidence from a wide range of primary and secondary sources (visual, oral, aural or textual) (25%).

I continued using Zotero to organise and retrieve information. However, I took some time to restructure my folders to fit the various framed narratives in my work; eg canal, visual culture, industrial heritage (originally around essay chapters, which enforced a linearity to thinking and blocked creativity). I also, increased the level of tagging of material to aid retrieval and came up with the idea of ‘meta-tagging’ to flag items that might be included as quotes for example. Zotero has also acted as a store for my reading notes.

Because it is such a large element of my academic activity, I’ve reintroduced a separate page about my research folder to this blog.

Demonstration of critical and evaluation skills – Engagement with concepts, values and debates; evidence of analysis, reflection, critical thinking, synthesis, interpretation in relation to relevant issues and enquiries (25%). 

The dissertation is critiques hegemonic perspectives on space and how power is used to shape meanings. It evaluates representation and the filters at work when meaning is attached to place. I believe it brings in relevant cultural and sociological materials concerning the specific us of a canal as space, but these also have a wider application.

Communication – The ability to communicate ideas and knowledge in written and spoken form, including presentation skills (25%).

Assignment is in draft written form. I have yet considered how this might be formally presented – something to start thinking during A5 work.

A3.CS Formative Feedback

I’m not sure if ‘formative feedback’ is the correct term in the context of an essay plan – it feels more like an ongoing dialogue with my tutor on my evolving thoughts in the run up to A4, which is a draft of the essay itself. As with previous CS assignments, I’m not publishing the work itself on the blog to avoid and complications around self-plagiarism/citation of my own work. Or, less-likely, other researchers coming across the work on this blog.

I wrote my 1000 word plan as a framework for the essay, with the idea that it is likely to change as the writing itself begins. I suppose a general direction. I’ve avoided formulating a conclusion at this stage as I want the research and writing to lead me to that. This may make the essay plan appear unclear in some respects – I don’t find it helpful to be certain at this point. The most important thing to me is to use these preliminary assignments in a way that is useful to me.

The main learnings from my video discussion and points from written feedback are summarised here:

  • My tutor found the plan as a document/work in its own right a bit ‘bitty’, though acknowledged my intention. I’m conscious that it may receive some attention as assessment (so even though a draft, it is not just for me), so will refresh it as my work progresses. This will assist me in refining the direction of the essay as well as providing something more digestible for others reading it.
  • Observed that some areas of the plan came across as a little abstract and not easy to make sense of – I just need to be mindful that this is avoided in the writing itself.
  • Noted that references to Eastern philosophy would need to be clearly explained / referenced if used. I’ve reflected on this and think I will leave these are personal thoughts, rather than include in the essay.
  • Noted that 5,000 words is not lengthy and what I leave out will be as important as what I put in. As photography can be about everything, I intend to apply a strong filter as the work progresses.

As usual, my tutor offered some useful suggestion for further reading:
– Guy Julier, Economies of Design
– Places on the margin: alternative geographies of modernity, Rob Shields.
– ‘After-images of steel: Dortmund’, Dan Swanson
– ‘Space’ is the primary theme here, but canals also seem to be about ‘time’ in lots of ways. Take a look at Tim Edensor’s essay ‘Reconsidering National Temporalities’ and see if this gives you any ideas. He’s a cultural geographer, so plenty of his other writing is also worth a look. nb, his Industrial Ruins might also have its uses. Although we’ve not discussed canals in such a way, they can definitely be read in this context.

A3.CS Essay Plan – process

The course material outlines the requirements of this assignment:

  • It requires a plan for the extended written project (around 500 words) detailing the separate chapter headings and their content, and how the 5,000 words of your project will be distributed.
  • It should include a 500–1,000 word sample text. This could be a draft introduction or any other part of your extended written project that you’re able to write at this stage.
  • It should also include details of when each section will be written and set a realistic deadline for your first draft (Assignment Four)
  • It also mentions that research interests should have been outlined in the literature review, so focus should be on the mapping of the extended project.

I’m beginning to build a routine for this type of work and outline it here for later reference.

In preparing for this assignment, I have done research on research in the context of visual practice; I am intending for the extended written project inform by BoW and visa versa – is not a requirement of the OCA course for one aspect to support the other, but I see value in this as part of my practice.

My literature review is not included on this blog to avoid any complications with plagiarism / self-plagiarism by publishing it. I’ve decided that this should be a living document supporting my written project, so will be updated to reflect additional contextual information as the work progresses. This seems to be good academic practice.

I’ve updated my digital research folder so the contents are grouped by subject area (initially I was following the course structure/outline) for ease of reference and I also started to add research notes directly into the folder, along with tags for content. I’m using Zotero as a tool.

I will use a mind mapping tool to shape my outline plan as I find the visual approach helpful in organising and adjusting structures.

Finally, I’ve again referred to Gilda William’s book for advice on writing about contemporary art – specifically academic essays.

Reference

Williams, G. (2014) How to Write about Contemporary Art. (s.l.): Thames & Hudson.

A2.CS tutor feedback

For the first time, I am writing about feedback received without sharing the work itself on my blog. Following discussions in a photography 3 hangout, some long-standing students pointed out the risk of plagiarism and self-plagiarism when publishing writing that might form the basis of a future essay submitted for formal assessment. The irony of conscientiously maintaining a study blog, only to be undone by it at a later date!

A2 was a literature review – an overview of literature that will shape the direction of my L3 essay, but without yet taking a critical position. Overall, encouraging feedback was received; that the work has moved on and is developing much more focus and confidence. In this short post, I note areas of attention for upcoming work.

  1. Continue to keep intros clear and to the point.
  2. Open up the discussion of things / events that may have changed the meanings of canals; ‘de-industrialised’ them.
  3. Good to expand the use of texts beyond the non-academic, but be sure to make the most of them in the essay.
  4. A couple of journal articles shared by my tutor concerning ‘nature’ and ways of thinking about the imagined and the constructed. I’ll read and reflect on these separately.

We discussed A3, which is an essay plan for the substantial essay. This potentially becomes an anchor-point for further substantial writing and research. It is something I’ll move onto quickly to allow time for refinement before moving forward – I presently have very little time for photography, but significant commuting time that I can use for reading and note taking. I’m targeting the end of October for my A3 tutorial.

A1.CS Tutor feedback

My own notes are included in the tutor feedback – pdf is linked below. I won’t replicate what is said in here, but note points for upcoming research and work.

  • Research the concepts of cultural heritage and cultural politics. Look widely to draw inspiration and consider the role of the CRT as a key stakeholder in respect of canals in the UK.
  • Look at tourism (including the tourists’ gaze) as one of the key uses of canals in the 21st century. Even if I’m not immediately drawn to this aspect as subject matter for images, the research could draw out something beyond the obvious.
  • ‘ Canals as an industrial artefact that are subsumed in the tourist gaze and the urban-pastoral? ‘ My own description of how I’m begin to see the canals. Remember this as a potential theme during research. Look at other photographic works taking this as a theme (ie beyond the canal) – the High Line and Petrochemical America (Mishrach) for example.
  •  Look at for signs of subcultures around the canal – visit at different times of the day.
  • Read into ‘geography of heritage’ and look at Rob Shields’ Places on the Margin: an alternative geography of modernity. Examine the changing use of the canal / peripheral industries that support the tourist industry for example.

I quote my tutor’s closing advice, as a reminder to self:

... at this point you should focus on unpacking and making sense of canals as distinct physical spaces that provide sites for an array of cultural practices. With this, I’m confident that you’ll have more than enough to go on.

I was feeling more optimistic about making some headway this morning during my long daily commute … until I lost internet connection and the words! Perhaps drafting should be in Word during train journeys.

PDF of feedback.

A1.CS: Diagnostic for tutor feedback

Introduction

This diagnostic assignment requires an essay that relates my current work to an aspect of visual culture discussed in Part One of the course material . My essay is based around the post-modernist notion that plays against the modernist idea of objective truths and grand narratives. I’ve used the tools of semiotics to unpick my preconceived meaning of the stretch of canal that is the basis for my body of work.

My research for the essay draws on general reading during part 1 of the course as well as specific texts dealing with semiotics. During my research, I outlined a structure of the essay in a mindmap:

Click to view full screen

Texts of particular influence were Chandler’s Semiotics, the basics for its insights into the complexity of how meanings are made from signs; E.H. Gombrich’s Art & Illusion for its insights into the psychology of representation; and The Changing Landscape of Britain, for its variety of perspectives on landscape (all referenced in the essay).

The Essay

A pdf of the essay sent to my tutor for feedback is attached:

Self-reflection

My final essay of level 2 dealt with what I see as problematic postmodern thinking in relating to photography and how some writers held the medium itself responsible for the meanings attributed to photographs. In this essay, I’ve directed similar ways of thinking in a different direction – at my own forming of subjective meaning; the destination of the message, rather than the photographic source.

Demonstration of subject based knowledge and understandingBroad and comparative understanding of subject content; knowledge of the appropriate historical, intellectual, cultural or institutional contexts (25%).

For this short essay, I’ve focused on understanding semiotics and the psychology of perception. In the space allowed there seemed limited possibility of exploring broader contexts, though I have briefly mentioned historical and publicity image contexts for the canal.

Demonstration of research skillsInformation retrieval and organisation; use of IT to assist research; ability to evaluate IT sources; the ability to design and carry out a research project, locate and evaluate evidence from a wide range of primary and secondary sources (visual, oral, aural or textual) (25%).

I’ve been using the Zotero tool to track my reading and research in an online research folder. This is best viewed through Zotero’s online site and access is available to tutors on request. However, given limited tutorial time available, both tutors have indicated a preference to be directed to references of specific relevance. For this assignment, they are provided in the essay bibliography.

A high level overview of the Zotero contents is provided on the ‘research folder’ page.

Demonstration of critical and evaluation skillsEngagement with concepts, values and debates; evidence of analysis, reflection, critical thinking, synthesis, interpretation in relation to relevant issues and enquiries (25%).

My main interest in this essay has been in the psychology of perception and semiotics. These are influences in postmodern thought. I have come to experience these as critical tools that can be applied in different ways. In this case I have found them invaluable in making sense of how meaning has been made. This contrast to my previous experience in my final L2 essay, where I saw them used destructively to devalue the use of the media by holding the photograph itself responsible for the creation of meaning (reference Susan Sontag and others).

CommunicationThe ability to communicate ideas and knowledge in written and spoken form, including presentation skills (25%).

I hope the essay is clearly written and includes useful examples of images, from the current project, my archive and other sources.